The hiding place vs. Night Essay Example For Students

The hiding place vs. Night Essay Many outsiders strive but fail to truly comprehend the haunting incident of World War IIs Holocaust. None but survivors and witnesses succeed to sense and live the timeless pain of the event which repossesses the core of human psyche. Elie Wiesel and Corrie Ten Boom are two of these survivors who, through their personal accounts, allow the reader to glimpse empathy within the soul and the heart. Elie Wiesel (1928- ), a journalist and Professor of Humanities at Boston University, is an author of 21 books. The first of his collection, entitled Night, is a terrifying account of Wiesels boyhood experience as a WWII Jewish prisoner of Hitlers dominant and secretive Nazi party. At age 16 he was taken from his home in Sighet, Romania and became one of millions of Jews sent to German concentration camps. We will write a custom essay on The hiding place vs. Night specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At the Auschwitz and Buchenwald, Wiesel witnessed the death of his parents and sister. In 1945, the latter of the camps was overtaken by an American resistance group and the remaining prisoners freed, including the drastically changed man in Wiesel. The once innocent, God-fearing teenager had become a lonely, scarred, doubting individual. Corrie Ten Boom (1892-1983), a religious author and inspirational evangelist, traveled and spread Christianity throughout sixty-one countries, even into her eighties. Her autobiography, The Hiding Place, is an account of her inner strength found through God in the midst of the physical and emotional turmoil of German concentration camps. During World War II, the Ten Boom family took action against the Nazi movement and began an underground hiding system, saving over 700 Jewish lives. (Contemporary Authors, 470) They were discovered and sent from their Haarlem, Holland home to Scheveningen, a Nazi prison. Ten Boom, in her 50s, was placed on trial for leading the underground system and sent to a German work camp. There she witnessed her father and sisters death as well as the birth of her inner strength and hope for the future. Upon release from Ravensbruck, Ten Boom began caring for victims of the war and Holocaust and used her powerful speaking ability to share the trials and triumphs of her life. Together, these two powerful authors relive the horror and pain of the Holocaust to educate the unaware world. They teach of the past, warn of the future, and live for the day. Wiesel and Ten Boom voice their strong belief in God before the war and the ebb and flow of that belief in response to each newly faced affliction. These strong survivors pose as teachers and role models by revealing strengths, weaknesses and survival techniques. Wiesel and Ten Boom survive against the odds, but not without physical and emotional scars. The unsung hero and heroin pair experience tremendous suffering, but confront that affliction with distinct contrary responses. The theme and style of Wiesel and Ten Boom reveal individual personal beliefs and strength levels in reaction to their concentration camp experience during WWIIs Holocaust. Theme is the window which Wiesel and Ten Boom open through words and thoughts to reveal the true purpose of their tales. Although both authors experience the grime of concentration camp and grief of family loss, their responses to this suffering are distinct. This distinctness is not unexpected, for as ones strengths and beliefs are personal, as is the effect of events effecting those strengths and beliefs. Wiesel and Ten Boom state the purpose of their self-exposed stories clearly, and their purposes differ just as clearly. Wiesel stresses the importance of applying lessons of the past to the present for the sake of the worlds future. He writes to create a feeling of such horror and catharsis within the reader to prevent the evil of the Holocaust or any type of unjust persecution to ever occur again. He opens the readers eyes with vividly horrible images of human suffering and creates no barrier in which to contain the honesty and corruption of the experience as a whole. Wiesel is determined to persuade victims, persecutors and bystanders alike of the need for a conscience fully aware of the true evil unleashed and innocence denatured by the inhumane persecution of Jews during the Holocaust. The most important theme portrayed in Night is defined later by Wiesel himself: The executioner killed for nothing, the victim died for nothing During the Middle Ages, the Jews, when they chose death, were convinced that by their sacrifice they were glorifying and sanctifying Gods name. At Auschwitz, the sacrifices were without point, without faith, without divine inspiration (Douglas) Wiesel feels that the genocide of WWII came and went and proves no point to the world, gives neither strength nor hope to the individual, and is basically pointless. After the inhumane persecution, his God is not praised by a greater audience, Hitler and his Nazi party does not gain more power, Jews are not respected by others, and the world as a whole is not given reassurance of a better future. To Wiesel, the Holocaust represents nothing but evil, guilt, and the decay of human morality. (Popular World Fiction, II-35) As does Wiesel, Ten Boom preaches of the importance of learning from past mistakes and not recycling a detrimental experience. However, the evangelist in Ten Boom preaches beyond historical remembrance into the depths of spiritual growth. She strongly believes that the world and its creatures are fated by God and that every experience witnessed by an individual is predestined with the purpose of teaching a life lesson. She survives with the hope and reassurance of Gods power, and lives to spread that belief. The most important theme portrayed in The Hiding Place is that there is no pit so deep that He (God) is not deeper still. .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a , .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a .postImageUrl , .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a , .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a:hover , .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a:visited , .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a:active { border:0!important; } .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a:active , .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7fbaab06186e4bfb8da19fde45d64f5a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Atmosphere Essay (Ten Boom, 217) Ten Boom believes that God is forever on the lowest rung of the human ladder, below even the farthest fallen people, so that they can build a foundation on Him and His love. She expresses that the hand of God is always in reach to represent a concrete hope for Jews in a hopeless situation such as the Holocaust. Ten Booms purpose is to learn and teach others to be joyful in times of great suffering. (Praise Outreach) This is a rare attitude of Holocaust victims, but throughout pain and sorrow Ten Boom presents clear reasons to possess joy. She believes that her own suffering is parallel to Jesus persecution. I had read a thousand times the story of Jesus arrest how soldiers had slapped Him, laughed at Him, flogged Him. Now such happenings had faces and voices. (Ten Boom, 195) She is able to persevere and even die to help others and stand for what she believes in, as Jesus did. Ten Boom supposes that her experience at the German death camps was a test given by God to measure her spiritual strength. God never gives an unpassable test, and never gives one person anything more than he can handle. Ten Boom thinks of the Holocaust as a learning experience, not only for herself, but for the many Jewish victims in reach of her helping hands and words. She has the chance to teach other women of hope through the glory of God, and is joyful because this is her newfound destiny. Although Ten Boom never defines herself as this, her destiny is to serve God as a Righteous among the Nations, or a non-Jew who risks his life to save Jews during the Holocaust. (Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, 1281) She serves him by risking her own life, and uses her religion to become a channel of Gods love in a world torn by fear. (Ten Boom, biographical insert) Ten Boom stresses the importance of hope, and practices her preaching by giving hope to fellow prisoners through God and the Bible. The themes of Night and The Hiding Place differ in the authors responses to their personal strength against the pain of the Holocaust. Wiesel confronts the issue of the events lack of positive results, where Ten Boom focuses on the message of Gods strength through human suffering. The style of the two novels overflow with facing tone and attitude and create a literary barrier between Wiesel and Ten Boom. Where Ten Boom finds a positive inkling of hope within a German death camp, Wiesel drowns out every crack of hopeful light with the darkness of a negative attitude. The authors styles are distinct to their own morality. In Night, Wiesels style is sober and passionate as he describes each testimony with intense diction, vivid pictures and concrete intellect. He tears open his heart to pour upon the reader his true agony during the moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. (Wiesel, 32) He defines his religious beliefs with a nakedly self-exposed honesty (Alter, 526) and hides nothing. Wiesels writing is flooded with suffering but anchored in defiance. (Sidel) The flood contains truth which penetrates dams of neglect and overflows into the hearts and minds of innocent and guilty alike. Wiesels defiance pierces through the flood of truth to create an anchor of challenge to all minds as well as his own. His style remains passionate, but as persecution takes its toll Wiesels tone shifts from confident to despairing, pessimistic and almost bitter. His tone can trace his loss of faith in God and in himself. Wiesel sides with a man who honestly states: Ive got more faith in Hitler than in anyone else. Hes the only one whos kept his promises, all his promises, to the Jewish people. (Douglas) Wiesel feels so moved by his fear of death and loneliness as well as his anger towards Gods indifference to suffering Jews that he trusts his enemy more than his allies. His pessimism prevails and leads to emotional and spiritual deterioration. During the months of Wiesels imprisonment at Auschwitz and Buchenwald, his positive attitude toward himself and his situation becomes lost among feelings of anger, fear and hopelessness. At first, Wiesel believes that his optimism (is) unshakable (Douglas) and this persecution against the Jewish population treatment is merely a test of strength given by God. He thinks his treatment and separation from his family are somehow deserved, and feels religious guilt. However, as the innocent suffer, Wiesel begins to doubt his belief and his God. He rises above traditional Judaism to challenge God by questioning His ways and starting a personal revolt against this once trustworthy power. These men here, whom You have betrayed, whom You have allowed to be tortured, butchered, gassed, burned, what do they do? They pray before You! They praise Your name! What does Your greatness meanin the face of all this weakness? (Wiesel, 64) Wiesel questions Gods failure to intercede for the sake of His children, His failure to care about the destruction occurring. He fails to understand why God can or will not intensify the Jews now meager strength with His endless power. Words of vengeance and passion fill Wiesels once humble, trusting prayers. After a while, Wiesel ceases to pray at all as the death of his innocence, his human self-respect and his God (Alter, 526) crush all remaining hope of progression. Wiesel becomes dragged along by a blind destiny as indifference takes over his mind and body leaving him with no more reason to struggle. (Wiesel, 83) He was no longer afraid of physical death, for the murder of his spirit had already taken place. As Wiesel apathetically and reluctantly lives on, his pain lies in the discovery that neither love, filial pity, nor his tense Talmudic training can stand up against extremes of starvation and fear. (Alvarez, 527) He fights himself, his God, and the beast of the Holocaust, and he is defeated. In The Hiding Place, Ten Booms writing involves a deep yet innocent style. .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836 , .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836 .postImageUrl , .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836 , .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836:hover , .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836:visited , .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836:active { border:0!important; } .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836:active , .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836 .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc5997776937a03c4bb716719f3a04836:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Catholic Church And Contraception Essay With each testimony, she explains her life with an awareness imbedded beyond worldly existence in order to voice a personal and heartfelt message of hope. Ten Booms honesty flows artfully through diction to reveal her true passion of God and the Bible. The blacker the night around us grew, the brighter and truer and more beautiful burned the word of God. (Ten Boom, 194) She uses this analogy of fire in the night to represent Gods word and love warming the hands and hearts of desperate prisoners trapped in the dark. Ten Boom voices her deep messages in a style laden with vitality and passion, possessing an urge to share a testimony. The vitality of Ten Booms style is balanced by the motivated optimism of her tone. Through the suffering of the Holocausts victims, she remains focused of her purpose to share hope as a tramp for the Lord. (Contemporary Authors, 470) She maintains a strong-willed writing style throughout her novel. Ten Booms attitude during her imprisonment at Scheveningen and Ravensbruck is based on a rare quality: silent strength. This strength keeps her alive and fighting for her God despite numerous afflictions. She signifies that life in Ravensbruck took place on two separate levels, mutually impossible. One, the observable, external life, grew every day more horrible. The other, the life we lived with God, grew daily better, truth upon truth, glory upon glory. (Ten Boom, 195) Although the physical conditions of the German death camps get increasingly more unbearable, Ten Boom is able to rise above the suffering and express joy because of the spiritual belief that God is her protector and He will inevitably conquer all evil. It is because of this mental strength that Ten Boom is one of the few celebrating through the suffering because she is not poor, but rich.. .(within) the care of He who was God even of Ravensbruck. (Ten Boom, 192) As her attitude became stronger and she prayed for safety and miracles, they were given to her. Ten Boom is able to retain a forbidden object, her Bible, throughout her whole sentence. Even after she leaves Buchenwald, she learns that her release is a clerical error, and one week after her release her age group is gassed. (Ten Boom, 241) These consequences can not occur to one prisoner without the aid of some higher power. After Ten Boom herself attains a positive attitude, she is able to help other, more destitute prisoners learn of the glory of God. With her sister Betsie and the forbidden Bible, she becomes the center of an ever-widening circle of help and hope. (Ten Boom, 194) As prisoners desperately hold out their hearts to anything worth believing in, Ten Boom strengthens the souls of those hearts with the word of God within her and gives many a new hope and life focus. Through Gods peace and love she is even able to somehow forgive the guards for their wrong doing. Ten Boom also realizes the parallel of her destiny and persecution to that of God, and reassures herself that this plan of her life was foreseen, that she should follow his pattern of victory in the face of defeat. (Ten Boom, 150) She does just that, and changes many lives for the better in doing so. Through their style, Wiesels despair and Ten Booms hope reveal the effect of differing beliefs and attitudes on a similar situation, and how persecution exposes the true strength of an individual. Wiesel and Ten Boom pose as the two extreme results of a similar situation. With the torturous experience of WWIIs Holocaust behind them, the authors reveal their true fears and strengths in response to personal suffering through the theme and style of their writing. On the road to survival, everything goes, leaving only the most primitive terrors and desires. (Alvarez, 527) Ten Boom proves to maintain a static attitude by rooting her strength from God and keeping in mind that it was not my wholeness, but Christs that make the difference. (Ten Boom, 214) Wiesel represents the dynamic, lonely man swallowed by the evil of the Holocaust and left to live in a nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. (Wiesel, 32) Works Cited Alter, Robert. Elie Wiesel: Between Hangman and Victim (E. P. Dutton Co., Inc., 1962); excerpted and reprinted in Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 3, ed. Carolyn Riley (Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1975), p. 526. Alvarez, A. The Literature of the Holocaust (Random House, 1968); excerpted and reprinted in Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 3, ed. Carolyn Riley (Detroit: Gale Research Inc. , 1975), p. 527. Appendix II. Popular World Fiction. Vol. 3. Washington, D.C. : Beacham Publishing, 1987. II-35. Christians Who Helped Us To Get Started (Praise Outreach). May. 1996. http://www.wolsi.com/~kitb/influ. html. (5 Dec. 1996). Contemporary Authors. Vol. 111, ed. Hal May. Detroit: Gale Research Inc. , 1984. p. 470. Douglas, Robert E. , Jr. Elie Wiesels Relationship with God. 3 Aug. 1995. http://www.stsci.edu/~rdouglas/publications/suff/suff.html. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. Vol. 3, ed. Israel Gutman. New York: Macmillan, 1990. p. 1281. Sidel, Scott. All Rivers Run to the Sea: A Review of the Memoirs of Elie Wiesel. 1995. http://www.netrail. net/~sidel/reviews/wiesel.html. (5 Dec. 1996). Ten Boom, Corrie. The Hiding Place. United States: Bantam Books, 1971. Wiesel, Elie. Night. United States: Bantam Books, 1960.

Recreational Hunting and Fishing †A Great Time with Family

Recreational Hunting and Fishing – A Great Time with Family Free Online Research Papers Ever since I was younger I have really enjoyed a nice morning hunt or fish, it has always been something I look up to doing. Hunting and fishing are great ways to relive stress and relax after a long day. They are big recreational sports these days fathers and there children get the shot guns or fishing poles and hit the water or the woods just as we have since we were younger. Different than 20 years ago now we have peta groups and animal rights groups trying to take away a completely humane sport. Hunting and fishing is viewed by many as inhumane and disgusting. These people say this because they don’t think it is right for humans to go and hunt and fish innocent animals. Hunting and fishing for your food is a way of saving money and eating the animals you hunt or fish witch I consider sport. But if you kill an animal and don’t have it mounted or eat it I would not consider it a sport because the meat has gone to waist. Another thing that the anti hunting groups bring up is animal rights. Yes I will admit if you shoot an animal and then let it run and don’t recover it or catch a fish tear its gill and through it back that is cruel but that is the down side you have to take hunting or fishing. Animals have rights but going out and hunting to eat the meat is normal just like an animal with dominance will go and hunt a smaller animal to fill the stomach it is part of life. These groups say we are really destroying the population of the animals that we hunt or fish. We may be endangering the species a very little bit. But the department of natural resources has bag limits on species to regulate how much of each species is being killed. If there isn’t hunting these species will become over populated and then that is how diseases spread that can wipe out a whole species. With hunting we regulate the population which will keep these animals in better living. Why do we have CWD in deer because they are over populated and that’s how this all begins that is the best example on why hunting is humane. Hunting and fishing are very good ways of spending time with family and will help you take your mind of the stressful things in life. You also get to get a lot of free meat and it is inexpensive. A real sportsman will eat and butcher every thing they kill so nothing will go to waist. There is not any thing wrong with hunting it is a very fun an entertaining way to spend your free time peacefully. Research Papers on Recreational Hunting and Fishing - A Great Time with FamilyGenetic EngineeringCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Spring and AutumnDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductQuebec and CanadaLifes What Ifs

Can Electronic Documents Be Used As Evidence International Law Essay

Can Electronic Documents Be Used As Evidence International Law Essay Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Can Electronic Documents Be Used As Evidence International Law Essay I have noted that, there was a problem of accepting electronic document as primary evidence. But in the Written Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act, 2007, Part IX accepted partly in criminal matters and in banking transactions, where now the major problem lays on its practicability, specifically on authentication of the electronic document to be applied as good as primary evidence in determining matters in issues. ABSTRACT Text books, electronic sources, legislations of different jurisdictions are very important in finding ways of solving challenges facing the admissibility of electronic evidence in Tanzania. They play a big role in finding accurate and proper ways and solutions faced in legal system. Evidence is information that tends to prove or disprove a fact or matter in issue , from which an inference may logically be drawn as to the existence of a fact. It consists of proof by testimony of witnesses on oath or by writing or records. Evidence is a crucial element in judiciary as it is used to determine matters of controversy in cases. .In determining controversy/ matter(s), judge(s) prefer direct evidence such as an official document or a witness’s assertion of his/her immediate knowledge of the question at issue. Cyber Law is the law which regulates cyberspace or internet transactions. It encompassing cases, statutes, regulations and disputes that affect people and business interaction through computers, and it addresses issues of online speech and business; also due to the nature of the medium it including intellectual property rights, free speech, privacy, e-commerce and safety, as well as questions of jurisdiction. The quick innovation of science and technology; resulted to lots of changes in the world, regional state, individual states and even directly to the individual person. People’s interactions mostly influenced by trading (commerce) education, political or gove rnments’ communication, socially and economically. The most current and fast way of such interaction is through Internet, computers, and wireless telephones. Most state laws have not been amended to accommodate such new relationship, on the point of evidence and jurisdiction. In Tanzania, regardless recognizing and using Internet and computers online in economic and business, like electronic banking for example ATM (Automatic Teller Machines) Tembo card cash point, our laws took long time to recognize Electronic Evidence as the best evidence or as primary evidence. This problem did not end only in the statutes but also in the case law where in most cases the court rejected secondary evidence. For example in the case of Shirin Rajabali Jessa v. Alipio Zorilla, where court, only accepted under a lot of restriction. Currently the Tanzania Law of Evidence Act was amended to accommodate Electronic Evidence. Primary evidence is the best evidence and mostly courts rely on it in givi ng out the decision. Being the best evidence it is also used in electronic cases (disputes) in one way or another but in many cases Electronic Evidence is found to be grouped in secondary evidence which has a lot of challenges toward its admissibility.

Methodology rationale of a lesson plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Methodology rationale of a lesson plan - Essay Example This is followed by detailed analysis or the lesson plan and peculiarities of students’ perception of material and attitude to learning, their interests and cooperation during the lesson. Also there will be suggested an action plan for my self-improvement and advance in my future teaching skills. Final point of my paper includes brief conclusion on done work. Primarily, I want to pay attention that my lesson is designed for young students. They are Libyan and their appropriate age is from 16 to 19. The topic of the lesson is Life Stories. The lesson contain the story about doctor who leave his son burial to save life of unknown boy, precisely listening a rude and angry perturbation of his father. Hence, the story is totally edifying and provides a great example of execution of duty no matter what. Moreover, given text teaches respect and politeness even in stressed situations. These are serious and important moral categories, discussing which will be useful affair for young generation. Their age induces them to think over some eternal notions together with sense of life and people’s behaviour. This is the age of self-identification in the world and understanding of who you are. So topic Life Stories with a big moral purport I consider to be highly appropriate for these learners. It more or less matches with their interests and pre tends to be interesting for students. The learners are 10 in number. It is a suitable amount what gives an opportunity to tell your own opinion for everybody, and to discuss the main important points of the topic in pairs and with the full class. Learners study language at their private school for ten years. English is a part of their syllabus so they study General English. Level of knowledge of these Libyan students is intermediate. As there was no verbal part in the exam process for them, they mostly concentrated on the structural form of the language avoiding the meaning and use of them as a result; they are good at writing and

Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Art History - Essay Example This particular link must affect the viewer. So, real art must have the capacity to unite people via communication. Art can also be the constant state of change and therefore, finding an exact meaning for the word â€Å"art† can be difficult. Art has a name; it has a shape, size, stroke, color and texture. And every piece of art is unique. In light of that piece of information, one can better grasp the concept of art and all of its beauty. Peter Paul Rubens was born in 1577 and was considered a seventeenth century baroque painter. His style of art emphasized movement, color and sensuality. This is clearly visible in all of his paintings but one painting in particular. Because Peter was well known for his counter-reformation altarpieces, landscapes and history paintings and mythological allegorical subjects, he was criticized. He was a classically educated humanist scholar art collector and diplomat who was knighted by both the king of Spain and the king of England. Peter did not just paint for any reason. Every painting has a certain frame, stroke, color and size which will lend to his reasoning behind the painting. His 1639 paining of he, his wife and son has a particular view and purpose. It is first and foremost an oil painting on wood. The dimensions are 80.25 high by 62.25 inches long. Rubens’ wife Helena became the model for ideal beauty or love. His paining switches the focus to Helena being the ideal mom of that time and away from him being the dominant half. The parrot symbolizes the Virgin Mary and in the background you can see Peter’s garden which he painted as a reminder of his courtship to his wife Helena. Rubens combines bold brushstrokes, luminous color and shimmering light of the Venetian school with the fervent vigor of Michelangelo’s. His use of color richness adds to the painting and highlights certain aspects that he feels to be important either by experience in travel or connections to people. His art is

Menigitis research paper Essay Example for Free

Menigitis research paper Essay Meningitis is a bacterial infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. A family who lived in Geneva, Switzerland was first diagnosed with the disease in 1805. It was not until 1866, that the disease traveled its way into the United States. Professor Anton Weichselbaum discovered the cause of cerebro-spinal meningitis illness in 1887. There are five types of meningitis: bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, parasitic meningitis, fungal meningitis, and non-infectious meningitis. Bacterial meningitis and Viral meningitis are the two most common and serious types of meningitis. Bacteria meningitis is caused by bacteria. There are several types of pathogens that can cause bacterial meningitis: Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Listeria monocytogenes. Some of the symptoms of Bacteria meningitis are nausea, vomiting, increased sensitivity to light, and confusion. Bacteria meningitis can be life threatening and result in the need of medical attention. It is also contagious and can be treated with antibiotics. Viral meningitis is more common, than Bacterial meningitis and is sometimes referred to as â€Å"aseptic meningitis.† Viruses, like enteroviruses and herpes simplex viruses, cause viral meningitis. Viral meningitis occurs mostly in children younger than the age of five. The most common cause of viral meningitis is enteroviruses, which is most often spread from person to person through fecal contamination. There is no specific treatment for Viral meningitis. It is just like any other virus, it runs its course for about 7 to 10 days. To prevent from getting Viral meningitis, you should wash your hands thoroughly, especially after changing diapers and using the bathroom, and avoid sharing items with sick people or when you are sick, such as eating utensils. Both bacterial and viral meningitis show similar signs and symptoms, but bacterial meningitis is more severe and fatal. There are vaccines for some of the types of bacteria that cause bacterial meningitis. There are no vaccines for the most common cause of viral meningitis, so the best way to prevent it is to not get a viral infection. Works Cited Page 1. 2.http://www.ehow.com/about_5234584_meningitis-first-discovered_.html 2. 3.http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9276.php 3. 4.http://www.news-medical.net/health/History-of-Meningitis.aspx 4. 5.http://www.meningitis-trust.org/meningitis-info/types-and-causes/ 5. 6.http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/index.html 6. 7.http://www.nmaus.org/meningitis/viral-or-bacterial.htm

The Light In the Forest Essay -- essays research papers

It is the fall of 1764, and the relations between white settlers of western Pennsylvania and Indians of the Ohio area are strained. Nevertheless, the ambitious white Colonel Bouquet and his troop of 1,500 men march into Indian country and demand the return of whites who have been kidnapped by the Delaware Indians. True Son, a fifteen-year-old white boy who has been raised by Indians since the age of four, is one of the white prisoners who is going to be returned. True Son loves his Indian way of life and considers himself to be Indian; he has been raised to view whites as enemies and cannot imagine living with them. But although the Indians love their adopted white relatives, they agree to give them back so that they will be able to keep their land. True Son's stoic Indian father, Cuyloga, whom he idolizes, forces his stubborn and resistant son to leave with the white soldiers. On the trip to Pennsylvania, True Son is placed under the care of Del, a strong white frontiersman who understands the Delaware, or Lenni Lenapi, language since he grew up near Indians. During the march, True Son is very depressed and considers committing suicide by eating the root of a May apple. Del prevents him from doing so and eventually True Son gives up the idea when his Indian cousin, Half Arrow, meets up with the party and walks along with True Son and their friend, Little Crane, whose wife is also among the white captives. The three laugh together and speak of the strange ways of white peopl...

Curricular theory and theorists Essay

The word curriculum has its origins in the running/chariot tracks of Greece. It was, literally, a course. In Latin curriculum was a racing chariot; currere was to run. A useful starting point for us here might be the definition offered by John Kerr and taken up by Vic Kelly in his standard work on the subject. Kerr defines curriculum as, ‘All the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside the school. [1] This gives us some basis to move on. For the moment all we need to do is highlight two of the key features: Learning is planned and guided. We have to specify in advance what we are seeking to achieve and how we are to go about it. The definition refers to schooling. We should recognize that our current appreciation of curriculum theory and practice emerged in the school and in relation to other schooling ideas such as subject and lesson. In what follows we are going to look at four ways of approaching curriculum theory and practice: Curriculum as a body of knowledge to be transmitted. Curriculum as an attempt to achieve certain ends in students – product. Curriculum as process. Curriculum as praxis. Curriculum as a body of knowledge to be transmitted Many people still equate a curriculum with a syllabus. Syllabus, naturally, originates from the Greek. Basically it means a concise statement or table of the heads of a discourse, the contents of a treatise, the subjects of a series of lectures. In the form that many of us will have been familiar with it is connected with courses leading to examinations. For example, when teachers talk of the syllabus associated with, say, the Cambridge GSCE exam. What we can see in such documents is a series of headings with some additional notes which set out the areas that may be examined. A syllabus will not generally indicate the relative importance of its topics or the order in which they are to be studied. Those who compile a syllabus tend to follow the traditional textbook approach of an ‘order of contents’, or a pattern prescribed by a ‘logical’ approach to the subject, or the shape of a university course in which they may have participated. Thus, an approach to curriculum theory and practice which focuses on syllabus is only really concerned with content. Curriculum is a body of knowledge-content and/or subjects. Education in this sense is the process by which these are transmitted or ‘delivered’ to students by the most effective methods that can be devised [3]. Where people still equate curriculum with a syllabus they are likely to limit their planning to a consideration of the content or the body of knowledge that they wish to transmit. ‘It is also because this view of curriculum has been adopted that many teachers in primary schools, have regarded issues of curriculum as of no concern to them, since they have not regarded their task as being to transmit bodies of knowledge in this manner’. Curriculum as product The dominant modes of describing and managing education are today couched in the productive form. Education is most often seen as a technical exercise. Objectives are set, a plan drawn up, and then applied, and the outcomes (products) measured. In the late 1980s and the 1990s many of the debates about the National Curriculum for schools did not so much concern how the curriculum was thought about as to what its objectives and content might be. It is the work of two American writers Franklin Bobbitt, 1928 and Ralph W. Tyler, 1949 that dominate theory and practice within this tradition. In The Curriculum Bobbitt writes as follows: The central theory is simple. Human life, however varied, consists in the performance of specific activities. Education that prepares for life is one that prepares definitely and adequately for these specific activities. However numerous and diverse they may be for any social class they can be discovered. This requires only that one go out into the world of affairs and discover the particulars of which their affairs consist. These will show the abilities, attitudes, habits, appreciations and forms of knowledge that men need. These will be the objectives of the curriculum. They will be numerous, definite and particularized. The curriculum will then be that series of experiences which children and youth must have by way of obtaining those objectives. This way of thinking about curriculum theory and practice was heavily influenced by the development of management thinking and practice. The rise of ‘scientific management’ is often associated with the name of its main advocate F. W. Taylor. Basically what he proposed was greater division of labor with jobs being simplified; an extension of managerial control over all elements of the workplace; and cost accounting based on systematic time-and-motion study. All three elements were involved in this conception of curriculum theory and practice. For example, one of the attractions of this approach to curriculum theory was that it involved detailed attention to what people needed to know in order to work, live their lives and so on. A familiar, and more restricted, example of this approach can be found in many training programs, where particular tasks or jobs have been analyzed and broken down into their component elements and lists of competencies drawn up. In other words, the curriculum was not to be the result of ‘armchair speculation’ but the product of systematic study. Bobbitt’s work and theory met with mixed responses. As it stands it is a technical exercise. However, it wasn’t criticisms such as this which initially limited the impact of such curriculum theory in the late 1920s and 1930s. Rather, the growing influence of ‘progressive’, child-centred approaches shifted the ground to more romantic notions of education. Bobbitt’s long lists of objectives and his emphasis on order and structure hardly sat comfortably with such forms. The Progressive movement lost much of its momentum in the late 1940s in the United States and from that period the work of Ralph W. Tyler, in particular, has made a lasting impression on curriculum theory and practice. He shared Bobbitt’s emphasis on rationality and relative simplicity. His theory was based on four fundamental questions: 1. What educational purposes should the school seek to attain? 2. What educational experience can be provided that is likely to attain these purposes? 3. How can these educational experiences be effectively organized? 4. How can we determine whether these purposes are being attained? Like Bobbitt he also placed an emphasis on the formulation of behavioural objectives. Since the real purpose of education is not to have the instructor perform certain activities but to bring about significant changes in the students’ pattern of behaviour, it becomes important to recognize that any statements of objectives of the school should be a statement of changes to take place in the students. We can see how these concerns translate into an ordered procedure and is very similar to the technical or productive thinking steps set out below. 1. Diagnosis of need 2. Formulation of objectives 3. Selection of content 4. Organization of content 5. Selection of learning experiences.

Importance of Literature Essay

Literature reminds us of stories, epics, sacred scriptures and classical works of the ancient and modern times. Literature is defined as the body of written works of a language, period or culture, produced by scholars and researchers, specialized in a given field. Why is literature important? Let us see. As stated in the quotation by C. S. Lewis, literature not only describes reality but also adds to it. Yes, literature is not merely a depiction of reality; it is rather a value-addition. Literary works are portrayals of the thinking patterns and social norms prevalent in society. They are a depiction of the different facets of common man’s life. Classical literary works serve as a food for thought and a tonic for imagination and creativity. Exposing an individual to good literary works, is equivalent to providing him/her with the finest of educational opportunities. On the other hand, the lack of exposure to classic literary works is equal to depriving an individual from an opportunity to grow as an individual. Prose, poetry, drama, essays, fiction, literary works based on philosophy, art, history, religion, and culture and also scientific and legal writings are grouped under the category of literature. Creative nonfiction of the ancient times and literary journalism also fall under literature. Certain extremely technical writings such as those on logistics and mathematics are also believed to be a part of literature. Some of the great literary works like the Bible and Indian epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata, among others, provide society with the guiding principles of life. Ancient poetic works by poets like Homer, Plato, Sappho, Horace and Virgil, Shakespeare’s sonnets and notable poetry by W. B. Yeats, John Keats, Wordsworth, Tennyson and William Blake are timeless. The Lord of the Rings, The Godfather, A Tale of Two Cities, James Bond series are some of the best-selling books of all time. The Adventures of Pinocchio, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Winnie-the-Pooh were some of the greatest works in children’s literature. The relatively recent Harry Potter series made record sales across the globe and carved a niche for J. K. Rowling. However, a discussion about children’s authors would be incomplete without the mention of all-time popular authors like Aesop, Enid Blyton, Roald Dahl and Mark Twain. It is through reading such great literary and poetic works, that one understands life. They help a person take a closer look at the different facets of life. In many ways, it can change one’s perspective towards life. Lives of brilliant achievers and individuals who have made a valuable contribution to society, are sketched in their biographies. These works give the readers an insight into the lives of these eminent people, while also serving as a bible of ideals. Literature serves as an enormous information base. Research works by famous inventors and literary works by notable scientists often narrate stories of their groundbreaking discoveries and inferences. Ongoing developments in the fields of science and technology are documented so that the world can know about them. Several ancient scriptures relating stories of human evolution and narratives of human life in those times, have been of tremendous help to mankind. Thus, literature has always served as an authentic source of information from all around the world. True, languages are the building blocks of literature. But the study of literature cannot be restricted to only studying languages. In fact, literature cannot be confined to an educational curriculum. A degree in language and literature is perhaps unable to provide one, with everything that literature can offer. Literature, is definitely, much more than its literary meaning, which defines it as ‘an acquaintance to letters’. It, in fact, lays the foundation of an enriched life; it adds ‘life’ to ‘living’ Literature is also a mode to express public opinion in variety of genres. It is also a part of tradition, one we pass on to our future generation. It tells us of our rich culture and gives us a sense of pride in our country. Literature is the lighthouse of any culture and to know any culture better we must know its literature as it gives us a true picture of the culture and its development. The extant remains of the literary texts of earlier civilizations throw light on our past and gauge our development. Literature enriches the mind and reading as they say makes a man perfect. Today there are books available on a variety of subjects, books meant for education, books meant for entertainment and books meant for self- development. There is a book for each one`s choice. All said and done, literary enlightenment of a society is the true measure of its development and progress and India is a land with a rich literary heritage and one that people all over the world look up to for guidance. | Art is an extremely private experience, yet, it is meant to be shared with the public. Society, as a whole, examines the art produced and has the right to approve, disapprove, acknowledge, ignore, praise and abuse it. The public or society has not remained constant over the years. In the time of the Renaissance, for example, only a select few were â€Å"society. † They commissioned art, were patrons of the arts and their artists. Today, almost anyone can share in the experience of art. They can attempt to create, view and act as a critic. Does art make the world a better place, or is it quite useless? This is a very ancient riddle, and no one has solved it yet. A similar question – has art truly had any impact upon society? Has it fashioned or molded minds? Has it shaped opinions and altered how people feel or think? Is it practicable in or relevant to society and its individuals’ daily lives? Art reflects life. It is a portrait of history, whether it is history of the current moment or an event in the past or something of the imagination. Art has captured an event, clarifying its existence and representation to society. The portraits of the French Revolution by David, Benjamin West’s portrayal of the death of General Wolfe and Poussin’s recreation of the Rape of the Sabine Women all strive to provide a version of historical events. Society, in turn, can accept or reject these portrayals of true events. Sometimes, as in the case of Goya’s depiction of the French behavior during their conquest of Spain, art inspires a deep hatred of a certain nationality. |

Documentation And Informatics Essay Example

Documentation And Informatics Essay Example Documentation And Informatics Essay Documentation And Informatics Essay A factual record contains descriptive, objective Information about what a nurse sees, hears, feels, and smells. . An accurate record uses exact measurements, notations concise data, contains only approved abbreviations, uses correct spelling, and Identifies the date and caregiver. C. A complete record contains all appropriate and essential information. D. Current records contain timely entries with immediate documentation of information as it is collected from the patient. E. Organized records communicate information in a logical order. 3. Describe methods for multidisciplinary communication within the health care system Case management model of delivering care incorporates an interdisciplinary approach to documenting patient care and critical pathways are interdisciplinary are plans that include patient problems, key Interventions, and expected outcomes within an established time frame unexpected outcomes, unmet goals, and interventions not specified within the critical pathways time frame are called variances Ex: when a patient develops pulmonary complications after surgery, requiring oxygen therapy and monitoring with pulse geometry. A positive variance occurs when a patient progresses more rapidly than expected (use of Foley catheter is discontinued a day early) 4. Identify common record-keeping forms. (See Section Below: Page 8) Most charts will Include (Extra Notes): Patient Identification and demographic data Informed consent for treatment and procedure Admission data Nursing diagnosis or problems and nursing or interdisciplinary care plan Record of Medical history Medical diagnosis Therapeutic orders Medical and health discipline progress notes Physical assessment findings Diagnostic study results Patient education Summary of operative procedures Discharge plan and summary CHI. 6 Lecture Notes Documentation is anything written or printed on which you rely as record or proof of patient actions and activities Information in the patient record provides a detailed account of the level of quality of care delivered to patients. The quality of care, the standards of regulatory agencies and nursing practice, the reimbursement structure in the healthcare system, and legal guidelines make documentation and reporting extremely important responsibilities of a nurse. Whether the transfer of a patient info occurs through verbal reports, written documents, or electronically, you need to follow basic principles to maintain confidentiality of information Confidentiality Nurses are legally and ethically obligated to keep information about patients influential Only staffs that are directly involved in a patients care have legitimate access to records. In most cases, patients are required to give written permission for release of medical information. HIPPO Governs all areas of patient info and management of that information. To eliminate barriers that can delay access to care: providers must notify patients of their privacy policy and make a reasonable effort to obtain written acknowledgement of this notification. Disclosure must be limited to the min necessary EX. If you need a patients home number to reschedule an appointment, access to the deiced record is limited solely to the telephone number. As a nursing student you must abide to the HIPPO standards of confidentiality and compliance and NEVER share information about patients with classmates or look into medical information about other patients. Standards Standards of documentations differ within a healthcare organization. Institutional standards or policies dictate the frequency of documentation. Ex. How often you record a nursing assessment or a patients level of pain. Patients records can be used as evidence in a court of law if standards of care are not met The National Committee of Quality Assurance and The Joint Commission maintain institutional accreditation and minimize liability. Current documentation standard require that all patients admitted to a health care facility have an assessment of physical, psychosocial, environmental, self-care, patient education, knowledge level, and discharge planning. Also, evidence of patient and family teaching and discharge planning. Interdisciplinary Communication within the Healthcare Team Patient care requires effective communication among members of the healthcare information relevant to his or her health care. Reports are given oral, written, or audiotape exchanges of information among caregivers. Common reports given by nurses: change-of-shift reports, telephone reports, hand off reports, and incident reports. Ex. Healthcare provider calls nurses to get a verbal report to receive patients conditions. Laboratory submits a written report for results of diagnostic test and verbally notifies nurse if results are critical. Forms of communication Discharge planning conference: involves all members of all disciplines who meet and discuss patient progress towards discharge goals. Consultations: one reflections caregiver gives formal advice about the care of a patient to another caregiver Ex: a nurse caring for a patent with a chronic wound consults with a wound care specialist Referrals: arrangement for services by another care provider. Purposes of Records Communication Patients records are useful for healthcare team members to communicate patients needs and progress, individual therapies, content of consultations, patient education, and discharge planning. They also allow healthcare team member to know a patient thoroughly, facilitating safe, effective and timely patient-centered decisions. Legal accumulation To limit nursing liability documentation must indicate clearly that a patient received individualized, goal-directed nursing care based on the nursing assessment. Common charting mistakes: writing illegibly or incomplete, failure to record pertinent health or drug information, failure to record nursing actions, failure to record that medications have been given, failure to document discontinued medications. Dress are classifications based on patients medical diagnosis Your documentation clarifies the type of treatment a patient receives and supports reimbursement to the health care agency Education Patients records includes many information such as diagnosis, signs and symptoms of a disease, successful and unsuccessful therapies, diagnostic finding, and patient behavior which is why all nurses should read their patients record. With this information and past experience you can learn to anticipate the type of care required for a patient. Research Nurse researchers often use patients records for research studies Also use to investigate nursing interventions or health problems. Ex. A nurse wants to compare a new method of pain control with a standard pain protocol using two groups of patients. Auditing and Monitoring ETC require quality improvement programs and set standards for the information located in a patients record. Guidelines for Quality Documentation and Reporting Factual Descriptive, objective information about what the nurse sees, hears, feels and smells. Ex: B/P 80/50, patient diaphragmatic, heart rate 102 and regular and the patients pulse rate is elevated 110 beats/min, and the patient reports increased restlessness. Accurate Use of exact measurements establishes accuracy to determine if a patients condition drainage, or edema All entries in medical records must be dated and end with the receivers name or initials and status (ex: J. Woods, RAN). Complete The information within recorded entry or report must be complete, containing appropriate and essential information Use flow sheets or graphic records when documenting routine activities such as daily hygiene care, vital signs, and patient assessment. Describe in greater detail when they are relevant such as when a change in functional ability or status occurs. Current Timely entries are essential ongoing care. Delays in documentation lead to unsafe patient care. Document the following activities or finding at the time of occurrence: ITIL signs, pain assessment, administration of medications and treatments, preps for diagnostic testing, admission, transfer, discharge or death of patient etc. USE MILITARY TIME Organized Communication information in a logical order. It is also effective when notes are concise, clear, and to the point. Ex: an organized entry describes the patients pain, your assessment and interventions, and the patients response. Methods of Documentation Paper and Electronic Health Records Paper records are episode oriented, with a separate record for each patient visit to a health care agency. EMMER (ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD): contains patients data gathered in a healthcare setting at a specific time and place ERR (ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD): an electronic record of patient health information generated whenever a patient accesses medical care in any healthcare delivery setting It integrates all pertinent patient information into one record; regardless of the number of times a patient enters a healthcare system. In hospital setting it gathers data and performs checks to support regulatory and accreditation requirements and includes tools to guide and critique medication administration Key advantage for urging: provides a means to compare ongoing clinical data about a patient with original baseline information and maintaining ongoing record of a patients health education. Narrative Documentation (the traditional method) Use of a story like format to document information specific to patient conditions and nursing care. Disadvantages: tend to be repetitious and time consuming Problem Oriented Medical Records Method of documentation that emphasized patients problems. Data are organized by problem or diagnosis. SECTIONS INCLUDE: database, problem list, care plan and progress notes Database: notations all available assessment information pertaining to a patient The foundation for identifying patient problems and planning care Problem list After analysis of data, HECK identify problems and make a single problem list (physiological, psychological, social, cultural, spiritual, developmental, and environmental needs) List the problems in chronological order and when a problem is resolved, record the data and highlight it or draw line through the problem or its number. Care plan Disciplines involved in the patients care develop a care plan or plan of care for each Progress Notes: monitor and record the progress of patients problems. SOAP: Subjective Data (fertilization of the patient) Objective data (that which is measured and observed) Assessment (diagnosis based on the data) Plan (what the caregivers plan to do) or COPIES where Intervention and Evaluation. The nurse numbers each SOAP note and titles it according to the problem on the list Originated from medical records PIE: Problem Intervention Evaluation Nursing origin The narrative does not include assessment information (appears on the flow sheet) Notes are numbered of labeled according to the patients problems. Focus Charting: DARK: Data (problem) Action (intervention) Response (evaluation) Addresses patients concern: signs/symptoms, condition, nursing diagnosis, behavior, significant event or change in patients condition. Incorporates all aspects of the nursing process, highlights a patients concerns, and can be integrated into any clinical setting. Source Records or charts A place in a patients chart that has separate sections for each discipline (I. E. Nursing, medicine, social work, or respiratory data) to record data The method by which source records are organized does not show how information from the disciplines re related or how care is coordinated to meet all of the patients needs Charting by Exception Focuses on documenting deviations from established norms. Reduces documentation time and highlights trends or changes in a patients conditions. Nurses only document significant finding or exceptions to the predefined norms and writes a progress note only when the standardized statement on the form is not met Assumption: all standards are met unless otherwise documented. Case management plan and critical pathways (described above) Common Record Keeping Forms Admission Nursing History Forms: nurses complete a history form when a patient is admitted too nursing unit. Guides the Nurse through a complete assessment to identify relevant nursing diagnoses or problems Flow Sheets and Graphic Records: allow you to quickly and easily enter assessment data about a patient (including vitals signs, routine repetitive care such as hygiene measures, ambulation, meals, weights and safety and restraint checks. Provide current patient information that is accessible to all HECK Helps team members quickly see patient trends over time and decrease time spent on writing narrative notes. Patient Care Summary or Carded: computerized systems that provide information in the form of a patient care marry that is often printed for each patient during each shift. Carded: a portable flip over file or notebook that is kept at the nurses station Includes an activity and treatment section and a nursing care plan section that organizes information for quick references. Eliminates the need for repeated referral to the chart for routine information A Carded is a written form that contains basic client information. A Carded contains an activity and treatment section and a nursing care plan section that organizes information for quick reference as nurses give change-of-shift report. It does not include a description of teaching that was provided to the client. Based on the institutional standards of nursing standards of nursing practice, are preprinted, established guidelines used to care for patients who have similar health problems. Useful when conducting quality improvement audits. Discharge Summary Form Interdisciplinary discharge planning ensures that a patient leaves the hospital in a timely manner with the necessary resources. Discharge documentation includes medications, diets, community resources, follow-up care, and who to contact in case of an emergency or for questions. Acuity records Not part of a patients medical record. They are used for determining the hours of care and the staff required for a given group of patients. Home care documentation Documentation in the home care system is different from other areas I nursing Home care documentation systems provide the entire HOC with information needed to enhance teamwork. Documentation is both the quality of control and the Justification for reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid, or private insurance companies. Nurses must document all of their services for payment (ex. Direct skilled care, patient instructions, skilled observations, and evaluation visits) Long Term Health Care The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services guidelines requires careful documentation for appropriate reimbursement in long term care agencies. The Resident Assessment Instrument/Minimal Data Set provides standardized protocols for assessment and care planning and a min data set to promote quality improvement within facilities. Reporting Hand off Reporting Happens anytime one healthcare provider transfers care of a patient to another healthcare provider. Purpose is to provide better continuity and individualized care for patients. Ex. Change-of-shift and transfer reports Information during apt. Anodal can be given face to face, in writing, or verbally such as over the telephone or via audio-recording Report elements do not include: normal findings or routine information retrievable from other sources or derogatory or inappropriate comments about a apt. Or family. Telephone Reports and Order Telephone Reports: make a telephone report when significant events or changes in a apt. Condition have occurred. Needs to be clear, accurate, and concise information. Use SABA: Standardizes telephone communication of significant events or changes in patients and is a communication strategy designed to improve apt. Safety Document EVERY phone call you make to a health care provider and use the read back method when receiving information or critical test results. Telephone and Verbal Order Telephone Orders: occurs when a healthcare provider gives an order over the phone to a RAN Verbal Order: involves the healthcare provider giving orders to a nurse while they are standing near each other. Usually occur at night during emergencies (cause medical errors) Nurse: writes down the complete order or enters it into the computer as it is being given. Then reads back and waits for confirmation from the person who gave the order that it is correct Healthcare Provider: later verifies the TO or VOW by legally signing it within a set time. Incident or Occurrence Reports Any event that is not consistent with the routine operation of a health care unit or systems and unit operations that provide Justification for changes in policies and procedures or for in-services seminars. DO NOT mention the incidence report in patients medical record Instead you document an objective description of what happened, what you observed, and the follow-up actions taken in the patients deiced record. Health Informatics Application of computer and information science for managing health-related data Focused on the patient and the process of care and the goal is to enhance the quality and efficiency of care provided. Becoming a priority as health care facilities adopt EMMER/HER Nursing Informatics (See Slides 20-24 in Power point) Facilitates the integration of data, information, and knowledge to support patients, nurses, and other providers in decision-making in all roles and settings. Clinical Information Systems CICS: Include monitoring systems (devices that automatically monitor and record metric measurements (vital signs, oxygen saturation, cardiac index, and stroke volume)) order entry systems, and laboratory, radiology, and pharmacy systems in critical care and specialty areas. Electronically sends measurements directly to the nursing documentation system Computerized provider order entry A process by which a health care provider directly enters orders for patient care into the hospital information system Reduces transcription errors. Potentially speeds up the implementation of ordered diagnostic tests and treatments which improves staff productivity and saves money

Laboratory Information Management Systems Research Proposal

Laboratory Information Management Systems - Research Proposal Example The use of the Bell and LaPadula Model has been successful in modeling information that is relevant to security, even though this success might be responsible for the vagueness of the model about its primitives. This vagueness can also be examined with respect to the theory that the Bell and LaPadula Model and Noninterference are equivalent. Laboratory automation makes it possible for scientists to explore data rates that otherwise may be too fast or too slow to properly examine. Therefore, an automated laboratory reduces the need for human intervention and creates a more efficient environment in which human beings and technology can interact to produce a great deal more information and accurate data that was not possible prior to automation. Its approach is to define a set of system constraints whose enforcement will prevent any application program executed on the system from compromising system security. The model includes subjects, which represent active entities in a system (such as active processes), and objects, which represent passive entities (such as files and inactive processes). Both subjects and objects have security levels, and the constraints on the system take the form of axioms that control the kinds of access subjects may have to objects.           While the complete formal statement of the Bell-LaPadula model is quite complex, the model can be briefly summarized by these two axioms stated below: The simple security rule, which states that a subject cannot read information for which it is not cleared (i.e. no read up) The property that states that a subject cannot move information from an object with a higher security classification to an object with a lower classification.              These axioms are meant to be implemented by restriction of access rights that users or processes can have to certain objects like devices and files. The concept of trusted subjects is a less frequently described part of the Bell-LaPadula model.

Corporate environmental management (Business Subject) Assignment - 1

Corporate environmental management (Business Subject) - Assignment Example Xerox was fortunate to have many of these business ethics in place in the European operations already, and leadership with the vision to capture the competitive advantage that good environmental stewardship might provide. Besides, it was the right thing to do. Because Xerox had earned a large share of the copier market, the Federal Trade Commission required Xerox to abandon its patent to allow more competition. Xerox lost market share and was forced to reorganize to liven the company. Nine divisions were created which largely acted as separate companies. But each specialized company became closer to their customers and could respond to the market more quickly. Through the years, Xerox became more involved in local environmental issues and supportive of environmental health for their communities. From the total quality management (TQM) program established in the early 1980s, Xerox moved to a TQM for environmental issues. Now, the employees would be involved in stewardship of the syste m. Five programs were initiated: cartridge recycling; supplies; asset management; waste reduction and recycling; and employee involvement. The big idea involved minimizing the environmental impacts of the supply chain through the life cycle of the products. This implementation required each machine, part or shipping material to have a secondary purpose or a recycling design use. The company adapted the Environmental Protection Administration program to reuse, repair/reprocess recycle or dispose of properly, in that order. Asset Recycle Management (ARM) policies were adopted to organize the effort to reuse and recycle. Machines were handled in house while cartridges and parts were remanufactured by suppliers. The next evolution of the process was Design-For-Environment (DFE) which involved engineering each component with the lifecycle in mind. Each component’s raw materials and design would involve the choice of recyclable materials or reusable parts. The stated goal was 0% wa ste in the manufacturing processes for any new product by 1997. Obviously, a very lofty goal even today. The measurement of this goal involved a minimum 90% reduction in waste. The evolution of this business ethic required only 30 years. Xerox accepted a leadership role in environmental stewardship. Is this an appropriate goal? Xerox followed proper management techniques to reduce regulatory impacts and market its leadership of environmental citizenship. Considering the increased demand for government intervention in environmental stewardship regulations and the personal tragedy of contaminating their neighbor’s groundwater, Xerox acted responsibly to take a leadership role and mitigate any potential damages. Then, one step further, tried to eliminate future risks. Looking at environmental stewardship as a risk management tool, simple compliance, due diligence and integrated risk management are the options offered to corporate management. Simple compliance implies a change in process each time a new level of compliance is mandated. Due diligence implies staying one step ahead of new compliance levels. Risk management suggests retooling operations to eliminate as much environmental risk as possible to reduce the regulatory risk. Risk management is a sound business strategy; environmental stewardship is a sound ethic which can be exploited in marketing. Where on the matrix of strategies does Xerox belong?